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WebJun 26,  · The software is available to download from here: replace.me Installation just requires you to unzip the file and run the installer. Please let me know if you need any further assistance. Kind Regards, Elise Note: This is a non-Microsoft website. The page appears to be providing . WebThe version of QM for Windows is available as a free download on our software library. This free software is a product of Prentice-Hall Inc. This free PC software was developed to work on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows 10 and can function on bit systems. The latest installation package takes up 11 MB . AdWe empower you to grow at the speed of innovation. We power it all with a purpose-built platform. WebJul 05,  · You are downloading Excel QM v4, version The download is provided as is, with no modifications or changes made on our side. Report incorrect info DRWEB KASPERSKY CLAMAV MCAFEE AVAST AVIRA Often downloaded with Vivaldi QMS Vivaldi Software has been developing software for document control and workflow.
 
 

What is the Best 2D CAD Software?.Free download software qm for windows 2

 

Thoroughly research any product advertised on the site before you decide to download and install it. Details required : characters remaining Cancel Submit 1 person found this reply helpful. Was this reply helpful? Yes No. Sorry this didn\’t help. Thanks for your feedback. Choose where you want to search below Search Search the Community. Jo AnnDuBose. How can I add in for the excel qm. I have the same question Report abuse.

Do the authors say it will run on the Mac? How satisfied are you with this reply? Thanks for your feedback, it helps us improve the site. In reply to BobGreenblatt\’s post on November 26, I am taking a college course Quantitative Analysis that requires that I use \” Excel QM – an add-in that works with Microsoft Excel providing custom menus and solution procedures\”.

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Free download software qm for windows 2.(PDF) POM-QM for Windows Manual | Desty Natalia – replace.me

 

This standard interface includes the customary menu, toolbar, status bar, and help files of Windows programs. Even though the software contains 29 modules and more than 60 submodels, the screens for every module are consistent, so, after you become accustomed to using one module, you will have an easy time with the other modules. Files are opened and saved in the usual Windows fashion and, in addition, files are named by module, which makes it easy to find previously saved files.

Data and results, including graphs, can be easily copied and pasted between this application and other Windows applications.

Flexibility There are several preferences that the user can select from the Help, User Information menu. For example, the software can be set to automatically save a file after data has been entered or to automatically solve a problem after data has been entered The menu of modules can be either a menu that lists only POM model, a menu that list only QM models, or a menu that lists all available models.

The user can select the desired output to print rather than having to print everything. In addition, several print formatting options are available. The screen components and the colors can be customized by the user. This can be particularly effective for overhead data shows. User-oriented design The spreadsheet-type data editor makes data entry and editing extremely easy. In addition, whenever data is to be entered, there is a clear instruction given on the screen describing what is to be entered.

User support Updates are available on the Internet through the Prentice Hall Web site for this book, www. Help is available by contacting the following – dsSoftware prenhall. What all of this means to you is that, with a minimal investment of time in learning the basics of POM-QM for Windows, you will have an easy-to-use means of solving problems or checking your homework. In many cases, the intermediate steps are displayed in order to help you check your work.

In addition, you will have the capability to perform sensitivity analysis on these problems or to solve bigger, more interesting problems. Hardware and Software Requirements Computer The software has minimal system requirements. Monitor The software has no special monitor requirements. Different colors are used to portray different items, such as data and results. All messages, output, data, and so on will appear on any monitor.

Regardless of the type of monitor you use, the software has the capability that allows you to customize colors, fonts and font sizes in the display to your liking. This is extremely useful when using an overhead projection system. These options are explained in Chapter 3 in the section titled Format. Printer A printer is not required to run the software but, of course, if you want a hard copy printout , then it is necessary to have a printer attached.

The printing is standard so that no special features, characters, or printers are required. It also is possible to print to a file in order to import the printout into a word processor for further editing.

Typographic conventions in this manual 1. Boldface indicates something that you type or press. Brackets, [ ], name a key on the keyboard or a command button on the screen. The name of the key varies on different keyboards and some even have both keys. Boldface and the capitalized first letter of a term refer to a Windows menu command. For example, File refers to the menu command. Installing the Software The software is installed in the manner that most programs designed for Windows are installed.

For all Windows installations, including this one, it is best to be certain that no programs are running while you are installing a new one. Go to the appropriate Prentice-Hall web site. It is either the companion site for your textbook or your myomlab course to find the installation program.

Follow the setup instructions on the screen. Generally speaking, it is simply necessary to click [NEXT] each time that the installation asks a question. Default values have been assigned in the setup program, but you may change them if you like. The setup program will ask you for registration information, such as your name, university, professor, and course. This name cannot be changed later! To change the other information from within the program, use Help, User Information.

One option that the installation will question you about is whether you want to be able to run the program by double clicking on the file name in File Explorer. This is generally very useful. Please note that the software installs some files to the Windows system directory. The installation will back up any files that are replaced if you select this option.

If you see a message saying that something is wrong during installation and you have the option of ignoring it, choose this option. The program will likely install properly anyway. The message usually indicates that you are running a program or have run a program that shares a file with this software package. If you have any installation or operation problems, the first place to check is the Dwnload and Supports page at www.

That is, each student must possess his or her own licensed copy of the CD in order to install the software on a network. Help is available from within the program, but if you want to read some information about the program without starting it first, use the POM-QM for Windows 4 Help icon. Finally, the software comes with a Normal Distribution Calculator. The calculator is on the Tools menu of the program but also can be used as a stand-alone program without having to open POM-QM for Windows.

To uninstall the program use the usual Windows uninstall procedure which depends on which version of Windows you have. The programs will be removed but the data files will not; they will have to be deleted using My Computer or File Explorer if you wish to do so. In addition to the Start menu, the installation will place a shortcut to the program on the desktop. The icon appears as one of the three icons displayed below depending on the exact CD being used. Whichever desktop icon has been installed is the icon that can be used to easily begin the program.

Alternatively, you may use the standard Windows means for starting the program. After starting the program, a splash screen will appear as follows. Name The name of the licensee will appear in the display. This should be your name if you are running on a stand-alone computer or the network name if you are running on a network. Version Number One important piece of information is the version number of the software.

In the example, the version is 4. Although this is version 4. In particular, there is a build number. If you send e-mail asking for technical support, you should include the build number with the e-mail. This is useful when you print your results. The program will start in a couple of seconds after the opening display appears. The Main Screen The second screen that appears is an empty main menu screen. The first time that this screen appears, a Tip of the Day form will appear as displayed below.

If you change your mind later and want to see the Tip of the Day, go to the Help menu. Please notice the background in the middle of the screen. This is referred to as a gradient. This gradient appears whenever the main screen is empty and it appears on other screens in the software. You may customize the display of the gradient by using Format, Colors as explained in Chapter 3.

In order to display all of the screen components, the following screen shows a module and a loaded data file. The top of the screen shows the standard Windows title bar for the window. If you are using a Prentice Hall text the names of the authors of the texts should appear in this title bar at the beginning of the program as shown in the figure on the previous page.

If not, go to Help, User Information. The title bar will change to include the name of the file when a file is loaded or saved as shown above. On the left of the title bar is the standard Windows control box and on the right are the standard minimize, maximize, and close buttons for the window-sizing options.

Below the title bar is a bar that contains the main menu. The menu bar is very conventional and should be easy to use. At the beginning of the program, the Edit option is not enabled, because there is no data to edit. The Window option is also disabled, because this refers to results windows and there are as yet no results. Below the menu is a standard toolbar also called a button bar or ribbon. This toolbar contains shortcuts for several of the most commonly used menu commands.

If you move the mouse over the tool for about two seconds, an explanation of the tool balloon help or tool tip appears on the screen. As with most software packages, the toolbar can be hidden if you so choose right click on any of the toolbars or use View, Toolbars, Customize. Hiding the toolbar allows for more room on the screen for the problems.

As is the case with most toolbars, they float. In order to reposition any of the toolbars, simply click on the handle on the left and drag. If you are a myomlab user then the toolbar will appear as below with two extra tools to be used for pasting from myomlab.

The first tool performs the paste and the second gives help on pasting from myomlab, if needed. This is what you press after you have entered the data and you are ready to solve the problem. Alternatively, you may use File, Solve or press the [F9] key. This is how you go back and forth from entering data to viewing the solution. For two modules, linear programming and transportation, there is one more command that will appear on the standard toolbar.

This is the STEP tool not displayed in the figure , and it enables you to step through the iterations, displaying one iteration at a time. Below the standard toolbar is a format toolbar.

This toolbar is very similar to the toolbars found in Excel, Word, and other Windows programs. It too can be customized, moved, hidden, or floated. There is one more toolbar, and its default location is at the bottom of the screen. This bar is a utility bar and it contains six tools. A module list can appear in two ways — either by using this tool or the Module option on the main menu. The next two tools will load files in alphabetical order either forward or backward.

This is very useful when reviewing a number of problems in one chapter, such as the sample files that accompany this manual. In the center are two areas, one of which is the main data table. The table contains a heading or title, and rows and columns. The number of rows and columns depends on the module, problem type, and specific problem. The large area with no grid is the table background. The caption colors, table colors, and background color can be changed by using Format, Colors, as explained in Chapter 3.

Above the data table is an area named the extra data bar for placing extra problem information. Sometimes it is necessary to indicate whether to minimize or maximize, sometimes it is necessary to select a method, and sometimes some value must be given. These generally appear above the data. On the right of the extra data panel is an instruction panel. There is always an instruction here to help you to determine what to do or what to enter. When data is to be entered into the data table, this instruction will explain what type of data integer, real, positive, etc.

The instruction location can be changed by using the View option. There also is a form for annotating problems. A comment may be placed here. When the file is saved, the comment will be saved; when the file is loaded, the comment will appear and the comment may be printed if so desired.

The center panel contains the type of screen data, results, menu, graph, etc. The status bar can be hidden by using the View option. This panel cannot be moved. Although not all problems or modules are identical, there is enough similarity among them that seeing one example will make it very easy to use any module in this software.

As mentioned in the introduction, the first instruction is to select a module to begin the work. In the preceding figure, the modules are displayed as they are listed when you use the MODULE tool on the utility bar as opposed to the Module option in the main menu at the top. They are divided into three groups. The models in the first group typically are included in all POM and QM books, whereas the models in the second group typically appear only in POM books, and the models in the third group appears only in QM texts.

The models are divided in 1 If the software is set to accompany the Krajewski, Ritzman, Malhotra textbook then the names of the menu items will be different in order to match chapter names in the textbook. Please see the appendix. If you choose the Module option from the main menu, you get the same modules listed in a single list in alphabetical order.

This is displayed in Chapter 3. Creating a New Problem Generally, the first menu option that will be chosen is File, followed by either New, to create a new data set, or Open, to load a previously saved data set. In the figure that follows, the creation screen that is used when a new problem is started is displayed. Obviously, this is an option that will be chosen very often. The creation screens are similar for all modules, but there are slight differences that you will see from module to module.

The top line contains a text box into which the title of the problem can be entered. The default title can be changed by pressing the button [Modify Default Title]. If you want to change the title after creating the problem, this can easily be done by using the Format, Title option from the main menu or from the toolbar.

Rows will have different names depending on the module. At any rate, the number of rows can be chosen with either the scrollbar or the text box. As is usually the case in Windows, they are connected. As you move the scrollbar, the number in the text box changes; as you change the text, the scrollbar moves. In general, the maximum number of rows in any module is There are three ways to add or delete rows or columns after the problem has been created.

This program has the capability to allow you different options for the default row names. Select one of the six option buttons in order to indicate which style of default naming should be used. In most modules, the row names are not used for computations, but you should be careful because in some modules most notably Project Management and Material Requirements Planning the names might be relevant to the computations.

In most modules, the row names can be changed by editing the data table. Many modules require a number of columns. This is given in the same way as the number of rows. The program gives you a choice of default values for column names in the same fashion as row names but on the tab Column Names. An overview tab is included on the creation screen in this version of the software. The overview tab gives a brief description of the models that are available and also gives any important information regarding the creation or data entry for that module.

Some modules, such as the linear programming example displayed previously, will have an extra option box, such as for choosing minimize or maximize or selecting whether distances are symmetric.

Select one of these options. In most cases, this option can be changed later on the data screen. At this point, a blank data screen will appear as in the following figure. Screens will differ module by module but they will all resemble the following screen. The Data Screen The data screen was described briefly in Chapter 1. It has a data table and, for many models, there is extra information that appears above the data table follows. Entering and Editing Data After a new data set has been created or an existing one has been loaded, the data can be entered or edited.

Every entry is in a row and column position. You navigate through the spreadsheet using the cursor movement keys or the mouse. These keys function in a regular way with one very useful exception — the [Enter] key.

The [Enter] key takes you to the next cell in the table, first moving to the right and then moving down. When a row is finished, the [Enter] key goes to the first cell in the next row that contains data rather than a row name. It is possible to set the cursor to go to the first cell, the one with the name in it, by using Help, User Information. In addition, if you use the [Enter] key to enter the data, after you are done with the last cell, the program will automatically solve the problem saving you the trouble of clicking on the SOLVE tool.

This behavior can be adjusted by using Help, User Information and, in addition, if you want the program to automatically prompt you to save the file when you are done entering data, this too can be accomplished through Help, User Information. The instruction frame on the screen contains a brief instruction describing what is to be done. There are essentially three types of cells in the data table. One type is a regular data cell into which you enter either a name or a number.

When entering names and numbers, simply type the name or number, then press the [Enter] key, one of the direction keys, or click on another cell.

If you type an illegal character, a message box will be displayed indicating so. A second type is a cell that cannot be edited. For example, the empty cell in the upper left-hand corner of the table can not be edited. You actually could paste into the cell. A third type is a cell that contains a drop-down box. For example, the signs in a linear programming constraint are chosen from this type of box, as shown in the following illustration. To see all of the options, press the arrow on the drop-down box.

When you are finished entering the data, press the SOLVE tool on the toolbar or use [F9] or File, Solve and a solution screen will appear as given in the following illustration. The original data is in black and the solution is in a color. Of course, these are only the default values; as all colors may be set using Format, Colors.

This can be seen by the icons given at the bottom. Click on these to view the information. Alternatively, when you solve the problem, the form below can be set to appear on top of the solution through Help, User Information.

The options are as follows: The first option simply displays the solution. The next three options remind you that more results may exist than the one window displayed. The second option displays the Solutions Window, which contains a brief description of each solution Window. The third option automatically drops down the Window menu.

These options can be reset using Help, User Information. It is generally at this point that, after reviewing the solution, you would choose to print both the problem and solution. Now that the creation and solution of a problem have been examined, all of the options that are available in the main menu are explained. These options are now described. New As demonstrated in the sample problem, this option is chosen to begin a new problem or file. In some cases, you will go directly to the problem creation screen, whereas in other cases a pop-up menu will appear indicating the submodels that are available.

After selecting a submodel, you will go to the creation screen. File selection is the standard Windows common dialog type. An example of the screen for opening a file follows.

Notice that the extension for files in the software system is given by the first three letters of the module name. When you go to the Open File dialog, the default value is for the program to look for files of the type in this module. It is possible to use Help, User Information to set the program to automatically solve any problem when it gets loaded. This way, if you like, you can be looking at the solution screen whenever you load a problem rather than at the data screen.

Save Save will replace the file without asking you if you care about overwriting the previous version of this file. If you try to save and have not previously named the file, you will be asked to name this file. That is, the command will function as Save As. This option is very similar to the option to load a data file. It is essentially identical to the one previously shown for opening files. The names that are legal are standard Windows file names.

In addition to the file name, you may preface the name with a drive letter with its colon or path designation. The software will automatically append an extension to the name that you use.

As mentioned previously, the extension is the first three letters of the module name. You may type file names in as uppercase, lowercase, or mixed. Examples of legal file names are sample, sample. If you enter sample. For example, if the module is linear programming, the name under which the file will be saved will be sample.

Save as Excel File The software has an option that allows you to save most but not all of the problems as Excel files. The data is transported to Excel and the spreadsheet is filled with formulas for the solutions. For example, following is the output from a waiting line model. The left-hand side has the data, whereas the right-hand side has the solution. Notice from the formula for cell E7 shown at the top of the spreadsheet that a spreadsheet with formulas was created.

Print Print will display a Print Setup screen. Printing options are described in Chapter 4. Both Save and Print act slightly differently if a graph is being displayed at the time that you use Print or Save. Print Screen Print Screen will print the screen as it appears. Different screen resolutions may affect the printing. Printing the screen is more time consuming than a regular print.

Use this option if you need to demonstrate to your instructor exactly what was on the screen at the time. Solve There are several ways to solve a problem. Clicking on File, Solve is probably the least efficient way to solve the problem.

The toolbar icon may be used, as well as the [F9] key. Also, if the data is entered in order top to bottom, left to right, using [Enter] , the program will solve the problem automatically after a value is entered into the last cell. After solving a problem, the Solve option will change to an Edit option on both the menu and the toolbar. This is the way to go back and forth between data and solutions. Note that Help, User Information may be used to set the program to automatically maximize the solution windows if so desired.

Step For the linear programming and transportation modules, a Step option not displayed in the preceding figure will appear in the File menu and on the toolbar. Exit The next option on the File menu is Exit. This will exit the program. You will be asked if you want to exit the program. You can eliminate this question by using Help, User Information. Clicking on one of these will load the file.

Edit The commands under Edit can be seen in the following illustration. Their purposes are threefold. The first six commands are used to insert or delete rows or columns. The second type of command is useful for repeating entries in a column, and the third type is for cutting and pasting between Windows applications. Insert Row inserts a row after the current row, and Insert Column inserts a column after the current column.

Insert Rows s and Insert Columns s ask you how many columns or rows you would like to insert after the current row or column.

Delete Row deletes the current row, and Delete Column deletes the current column. Copy Entry Down Column The Copy Down command is used to copy an entry from one cell to all cells below it in the column. This is not often useful, but it can save a great deal of work when it is. Copy Copy has five options available. It is possible to copy the entire table, the current row, or the current column to the clipboard. It is possible to copy from the data table or any of the solution tables.

The copy tool in the toolbar copies the entire table. If you are at the solution stage, the copying will be for the table that is active. Copy Special will copy the entire table but enable you to limit the number of decimals that are copied. Paste Paste is used to paste in the current contents of the clipboard. Thus, it is possible to copy a column to a different column beginning in a different row. This could be done to create a diagonal. It is not possible to paste into a solution table, although, as indicated previously, it is possible to copy from a solution table.

Paste from myomlab Paste from myomlab is available in the File menu but is easier to use from either the toolbar or by right-clicking on the data table after copying data from myomlab. Note: Right clicking on any table will bring up Copy options and if the table is the data table it will also bring up the insert and delete options. View View has several options that enable you to customize the appearance of the screen. The Toolbars menu contains two options.

The toolbar can be customized as can most Windows toolbars or the toolbar can be reset to its original look. The Status Bar display can be toggled on or off. Full Screen turns all of the bars toolbar, command bar, instruction, and status bar on or off.

Zoom generates a small form allowing you to reduce or increase the size of the columns. It is easier to use the zoom tool on the standard toolbar. Colors can be set to Monochrome black and white or from this state to their Original Colors. This formerly was very useful when overhead devices displayed much better in monochrome than in color.

Today, projectors are so powerful that monochrome is generally not required. Module A drop-down list with all of the modules in alphabetical order will appear. At the bottom of the list are options for indicating whether you want to display only the POM modules as displayed , only the QM modules, or all of the modules as the following display shows.

In addition, there are some additional format options available in the format toolbar. There are five tabs shown as follows. These options create permanent changes, whereas the foreground and background tools on the format bar change only the current table. Furthermore, the color settings are for the entire table, whereas the format tools may be used for either the entire table or for selected columns. The first tab is for setting the colors in the data table, and the second tab is for setting the colors in the solution tables.

That is, it is possible to have the displays of the data and the display of the results appear differently, which can be helpful. For either the data or the results, you may set the background and foreground colors for rows to alternate by using the odd and even options.

This makes reading long tables easier. In order to set the colors, first select the table property that you want to set, then select foreground or background if applicable, then select rows if applicable, and then click on the color.

For example, click on Body, Foreground, Odd, and then click on the red color box and the foreground for every other row will become red. The changes here will be maintained throughout until you return to this screen and reset the colors. If you want to make changes in only one table for one problem, it may be easier to use the toolbar options for foreground and background.

The third tab allows you to customize the colors in the panels status, instruction. The fourth tab can be used to set the gradient that appears on several of the screens problem creation, empty data screen , and the fifth tab allows you to reset the colors to their original factory settings. Other Format Options The font type, style, and size for all tables can be set. Zeros can be set to display as blanks rather than zeros in the data table.

The grid line display can be set to horizontal, vertical, both, or none. The problem title that appears in the data table, and which was created at the creation screen, also can be changed. In order to give some idea of the extensive formatting capabilities available, following is displayed a sample of an overly formatted screen. In order to create this screen Format, Colors was used to change the background and foreground colors of odd rows to give the alternating rows.

Returning to the Format menu, observe that the table can be squeezed or expanded. That is, the column widths can be decreased or increased. Each press of the tool changes the column widths by 10 percent. This is very useful if results tables are wider than the screen. The toolbar has the zoom option, which also may be used for resizing the column widths.

Double clicking on this line will not automatically adjust the column width as it does in Excel. Number of decimals, Comma and Fixed are used to format the displayed or printed output.

The Comma option displays numbers greater than with a comma. The Number of decimals drop-down box controls the maximum number of decimals displayed. If you turn on the Fixed decimal option, then all numbers would have 2 decimals. Thus 1. The input can be checked or not. It is a good idea to always check the input, but not checking allows you to put entries into cells that otherwise could not be put there.

Tools The software should find the Windows calculator if you select the Calculator option. If not, a calculator is available for simple calculations, including square root.

Numbers may be copied from the calculator and pasted into an individual cell in the data table. A Normal Distribution Calculator is available for performing calculations related to the normal distribution. This is particularly useful for forecasting and project management.

See the Help screen for information on how to use the Normal Distribution Calculator, or use the happy face on the calculator to get step-by-step instructions. An example of the Normal Calculator appears in Chapter 6 in the section on project management.

The same computations can be done in the Statistics module but the calculator is a little more intuitive to use. There is an area available to Annotate problems. If you want to write a note to yourself about the problem, select Annotate. The note will be saved with the file if you save the file.

An example of annotation appears in Chapter 1. In order to eliminate the annotation completely, the box must be blank by deleting and then the file must be resaved.

When you print, you have an option to print the note or not. This menu option is enabled only at the solution screen. Notice that in this example there are six different output screens that can be viewed. The number of windows depends on the specific module and problem.

Following is a display of the screen after using the Tile option from the Window menu when the screen resolution was set to 1, by 1, With this resolution it may be very useful to tile in order to see all of the available solution windows. In fact, using Help, User Information, you could set all solution windows to open up for every problem. Obviously, the value of this option depends on your screen resolution. The third option is the topic; it gives a description of the module, the data required for input, the output results, and the options available in the module.

It is worthwhile to look at this screen at least one time in order to be certain that there are no unsuspected differences between your assumptions and the assumptions of the program. If there is anything to be warned about regarding the option, it will appear on the help screen as well as in Chapter 6 of this manual. Tip of the Day The Tip of the Day will be displayed. From this option, it is possible to set the tip to display all of the time or not to display at all.

E-mail support E-mail support uses your e-mail to set up a message to be sent to Prentice Hall. Program Update Program Updates points you to www. Updates are on the download page. User Information The user information form is shown as follows.

The first tab can be used to change the name of the course, instructor, or school. The student name is set at the time of installation of the software and cannot be changed. The third tab is used to set the textbook. There are differences among displays, models available, and computations for different textbooks. Notice the build number Build 20 after the version number. If you send e-mail requesting help, please be sure to include this build number.

Also, notice the Web site location — www. This site contains updates! There are several options on this screen that are divided over five tabs. The first tab is shown in the figure below. The same options appear on the tabs but access to the options is more direct here. From the data screen, the only option that will appear is to print the data. However, from the solution screen there will be one option for each screen of solution values.

For example, in the preceding linear programming example, there are six different output displays as well as an available graph and annotation because this file had a note attached. You can select which of these will be printed. In general, the data is printed when printing the output, and, therefore, it is seldom necessary to print the data, meaning that all printing can be performed after the problem is solved. Tables versus Equations For mathematical programming types of modules, there is an option available about the style of printing.

The problem can be printed in regular tabular form or in equation form. Examples of each follow. For example, Project Management results include three Gantt charts and a precedence graph. You can select which graphs you would like from the list that is presented in the following figure. Furthermore, if you want to control the size of the printed graph, use the options presented in the next chapter. Page Header Information The tab for the page header information is displayed as follows.

There are six pieces of information that can be chosen to appear on the header. The first three options will appear on the first header line, and the second three will appear on the second header line. If the software is registered as being on a network or lab then the student name will include the name of the lab followed by the name of the student that was entered when the program was started.

Print As There are two styles of printing that may be used. In addition, you may also print a grid similar to the one that appears on the screen. Thus, you may format the grid, then go to the print option, and print a highly formatted grid. The formatted grids take longer to print than the plain text.

Paper Orientation The paper can be printed in upright fashion portrait or it can be printed sideways landscape if you need more space for columns. Answers Answers can be bold, italic, color, or any combination of the three. Do not opt for color if you do not have a color printer. This usually is not the desired characteristic.

Spacing The printing may be single-spaced highly suggested or double-spaced. The margin is above or beyond any natural margin that the printer itself has. Margins of 0 allow for the most printing across the page.

Maximum Column Widths The maximum widths of the columns in characters can be set. The leftmost column which is usually names, can be set separately from the other columns. This is useful if you want to compress tables. Printer Options The tab for the printer options is as follows.

If you print to a file you will be asked for a file name. Any name can be given. You also have the option of adding the printing to a file that was already there appending or erasing a file before printing replace file. Microsoft Document Images cannot be edited but one advantage is that graphs can be printed to these files. Printing each time is generally preferable, but there are some situations where you want to wait until the end because this may save paper or minimize the number of trips to a network printer.

Change Default Printer If you have more than one printer, you may change the printer using this option. This changes the Windows default printer and may affect other programs. If you print as a grid, the printer selected is always the Windows default printer regardless of what you select in this window.

Some of the modules have more than one graph associated with them. For example, as shown in the following figure, four different project management graphs are available. The graph to be displayed is chosen using the tab. There are several options that you have when a graph appears, and those options are explained in this chapter. First the graph will be displayed covering the entire area below the extra data; and second, some of the menu options will change or execute differently.

File Saving The file save option both under File on the main menu and on the toolbar will save the active graph rather than saving the file. The file may still be saved by using File, Save as or by going to a results window other than the graph window. Print Print now will print the graph rather than presenting the general print setup screen. The print graph options are shown in the following figure. The graph can be printed in two sizes, and can be printed as either portrait 8.

Small graphs can be printed at the top or bottom of the page. Thus, there is slightly more customization of graph printing available through this method than when printing the graphs as part of the output, as described in the previous chapter. Colors and Fonts The foreground colors and the background colors may be changed by using the tools on the format toolbar. Changing the font name on the toolbar will change the font for the headings and labels in the graphs.

Clicking on bold on the toolbar will change the font in the graphs to bold. The input required for each module, the options available for modeling and solving, and the different output screens and reports that can be seen and printed are explained. For these modules, the names used by KRM follow the names used by the software.

Aggregate planning refers to the fact that the production planning is usually carried out across product lines. The terms aggregate planning and production planning are used interchangeably.

The main planning difficulty is that demands vary from month to month. Production should remain as stable as possible, yet it should maintain minimum inventory and experience minimum shortages.

The costs of production, overtime, subcontracting, inventory, shortages, and changes in production levels must be balanced. In some cases, aggregate planning problems might require the use of the transportation or linear programming modules.

The second submodel in the aggregate planning module creates and solves a transportation model of aggregate planning for cases where all of the costs are identical. The transportation model is also available as one of the methods for the first submodel. The Aggregate Planning Model Production planning problems are characterized by a demand schedule, a set of capacities, various costs, and a method for handling shortages. Consider the following example.

Example 1: Smooth Production Consider a situation where demands in the next four periods are for , , , and units. Current inventory is 0 units. Suppose that regular time capacity is units per month and that overtime and subcontracting are not considerations. The screen for this example follows. In addition to the data, there are two considerations — shortage handling and the method to use for performing the planning.

These appear in the area above the data. Shortage handling. In production planning there are two models for handling shortages. In one model, shortages are backordered.

That is, demands can accumulate and be met in later periods. In another model, the shortages become lost sales. This option is above the data table.

Six methods are available, which will be demonstrated. Please note that smooth production accounts for two methods. Smooth production will have equal production in every period. This yields two methods because the production can be set according to the gross demand or the net demand gross demand minus initial inventory.

Produce to demand will create a production schedule that is identical to the demand schedule. Constant regular time production, followed by overtime and subcontracting if necessary. The lesser cost method will be selected first. Any production schedule is available in which case the user must enter the amounts to be produced in each period.

The transportation model. Quantities Demand. The demands are the driving force of aggregate planning and these are given in the second column. Capacities — regular time, overtime, and subcontracting. The program allows for three types of production — regular time, overtime, and subcontracting, — and capacities for these are given in the next three columns.

When deciding whether to use overtime or subcontracting, the program will always first select the one that is less expensive. Costs The costs for the problem are all placed in the far right column of the data screen. Production costs — regular time, overtime, and subcontracting. These are the per-unit production costs depending on when and how the unit is made.

Inventory holding cost. This is the amount charged for holding 1 unit for 1 period. The total holding cost is charged against the ending inventory. Be careful; although most textbooks charge against the ending inventory, some textbooks charge against average inventory during the period. Shortage cost. This is the amount charged for each unit that is short in a given period. Whether it is assumed that the shortages are backlogged and satisfied as soon as stock becomes available in a future period or are lost sales is indicated by the option box above the data table.

Shortage costs are charged against end-of-month levels. Cost to increase production. This is the cost that results from having changes in the production schedule. It is given on a per-unit basis. The cost for increasing production entails hiring costs. It is charged against the changes in the amount of regular time production but not charged against any overtime or subcontracting production volume changes.

If the units produced last period see other considerations below is zero, there will be no charge for increasing production in the first period. Cost to decrease production. This is similar to the cost of increasing production and is also given on a per-unit basis.

However, this is the cost for reducing production. It is charged only against regular time production volume changes. Other Considerations Initial inventory. Oftentimes we have a starting inventory from the end of the previous period. The starting inventory is placed in the far right column towards the bottom. Units last period.

Because some of the costs are for changes in production quantities from period to period, it is necessary to include the production in the period prior to the start of the problem. These units appear in the far right column at the bottom. The demands are , , , and , and the regular time capacity of exceeds this demand. There is no initial inventory.

The numbers represent the production quantities. The costs can be seen toward the bottom of the columns. The screen contains information on both a period-by-period basis and on a summary basis.

Notice the color coding of the data black , intermediate computations magenta and results blue. Regular time production. This amount is determined by the program for all options except User Defined.

In this example, because the gross or net demand is , there are units produced in regular time in each of the 4 periods. If the total demand is not an even multiple of the number of periods, extra units will be produced in as many periods as necessary in order to meet the demand. For example, had the total demand been , the production schedule would have been in the first and second periods and in the other two periods.

The accumulated inventory appears in this column if it is positive. In the example, there is a positive inventory of units in both Periods 1 and 2, no inventory actually a shortage in Period 3, and neither any inventory nor shortage at the end of Period 4. If there is a shortage, the amount of the shortage appears in this column. In the example, the in the shortage column for Period 3 means that units of demand have not been met.

Because the backlog option has been chosen, the demands are met as soon as possible, which is in the last period. In this example, no increase or decrease from month to month occurs, so these columns do not appear in this display. The total numbers of units demanded, produced, in inventory, short, or in increased and decreased production are computed. In the example, units were demanded and units were produced, and there were a total of unit-months of inventory, unit-months of shortage, and 0 increased or decreased production unit- months.

The totals of the columns are multiplied by the appropriate costs, yielding the total cost for each of the cost components. Total cost. The overall total cost is computed and displayed. Graph Two graphs are available in this module. It is possible to display a bar graph of production in each period not shown , and it is also possible to display a graph of the cumulative production versus the cumulative demand shown.

These modifications can be seen in the following screen. In addition, the method has been changed to use the net demand. Thus only units per month need to be produced.

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